Putin's Proxies and Flight MH17
The Times reports that a Kremlin state security officer, Igor Girkin denies personal responsibility for shooting down Flight MH17 over Ukraine in 2014 while accepting that only the Russian military had the capability to commit such a terrible crime.
https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/russian-ex-spy-igor-girkin-takes-moral-responsibility-for-downing-of-mh17-l7bnh0zjl
Russian ex‑spy Igor Girkin takes ‘moral responsibility’ for downing of MH17
Igor Girkin is on a blacklist for the pro‑Kremlin media - Photo MAXIM ZMEYEV/REUTERS
By Marc Bennetts - The Times
A former Russian intelligence officer has admitted “moral responsibility” for the deaths of hundreds of people on board a passenger jet that was shot down over eastern Ukraine.
All 298 passengers, including 80 children, were killed when a Russian-made Buk missile hit Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17) as it flew over territory controlled by Kremlin-backed separatists in July 2014. Most of the dead were from the Netherlands, Malaysia and Australia. Ten Britons died.
Igor Girkin, a former colonel with Russia’s FSB state security service, led separatist forces in eastern Ukraine’s Donetsk region at the time of the disaster. He is one of three Russians and one Ukrainian charged in absentia by international investigators with bringing the Buk anti-aircraft launcher to the war-torn region. The trial opened in the Hague in March with none of the suspects present.
“In as much as I was the commander of the rebels and a participant in the conflict, I feel a moral responsibility for these deaths,” Mr Girkin, 49, told The Times. He insisted, however, that the separatist forces under his command “did not bring down the plane”.
When asked if his statement could be construed as an admission that the Russian military was to blame, Mr Girkin said: “People can interpret this as they like.” He declined to comment further.
Dutch-led investigators released recordings last year of intercepted telephone calls that they allege could implicate high-ranking Russian officials in the deployment of the Buk missile system to eastern Ukraine. The recordings allegedly featured Vladislav Surkov, until recently one of President Putin’s closest advisers on Ukraine, and Colonel General Andrei Burlaka, the deputy head of the FSB border guards.
Mr Putin, 67, has denied any Russian involvement in the downing of MH17. Investigators believe that the separatists shot down the jet after mistaking it for a Ukrainian warplane.
Mr Girkin, also known as Igor Strelkov, said that he did not recognise the International Court of Justice in the Hague and would not willingly testify at the trial. “I’m not going to play in someone else’s territory by the rules of others and expect any success,” he told Gordon, a Ukrainian news website. “I expect no mercy and no understanding from the enemy.”
A former combatant in the conflicts in Bosnia and Chechnya, Mr Girkin admitted ordering the killings of four Ukrainian “saboteurs” in 2014. He also said that he had executed a separatist fighter for crimes against the local population. He claimed that the executions were legal because they were carried out in accordance with wartime laws established by Joseph Stalin.
Mr Girkin, a Russian nationalist, returned to Moscow in 2014 after falling out with the Kremlin. He has since criticised Mr Putin for failing to offer enough support for separatist fighters in Ukraine, as well as for alleged corruption. “Putin is worse than a criminal,” he added.
He also criticised the Kremlin’s military campaign in Syria. “This isn’t our war,” Mr Girkin said. “[Russian fighters] in Syria aren’t defending their own people or their own government. There is no honour in being killed there.”
Although he was once lauded by Russian state television, Mr Girkin, who is under European and US sanctions, is blacklisted by pro-Kremlin media.
He said last year that financial problems had forced him to sell a gold medal bearing an image of Mr Putin that was awarded to him for his role in Russia’s annexation of Crimea from Ukraine.
Russia - In The Dock (20/06/19)
The BBC reports on the forensic work of the Joint Investigation Team (JIT) from Holland, Australia, Belgium, Malaysia and Ukraine into the shooting down of Flight MH17 in July 2014.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-48691488
MH17: Four charged with shooting down plane over Ukraine
The suspects were named at a media conference
For the first time since Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down in July 2014, prosecutors have announced charges against suspects in the case.
Three Russians and a Ukrainian have been charged with bringing a missile into the area in eastern Ukraine and with murdering 298 passengers and crew.
The passenger flight was en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was shot down over conflict-hit Ukraine.
A court case will begin in the Netherlands on 9 March 2020.
International arrest warrants have been issued for the four men.
What we know about flight MH17
The Dutch-led joint investigation team (JIT) named the men as Igor Girkin, Sergei Dubinsky and Oleg Pulatov from Russia, as well as Ukrainian Leonid Kharchenko.
The JIT, which is seeking to try the suspects under Dutch law, had previously said it had a "long list" of persons of interest and appealed again for witnesses as the investigation continues.
Image copyright - REUTERS Image caption - An investigator inspects the wreckage of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17
The others charged are:
"Although they did not push the button themselves, we suspect them of close co-operation to get the [missile launcher] where it was, with the aim to shoot down an airplane."
Investigators, he added, had "evidence showing that Russia provided the missile launcher".
For the first time since Malaysia Airlines flight MH17 was shot down in July 2014, prosecutors have announced charges against suspects in the case.
Three Russians and a Ukrainian have been charged with bringing a missile into the area in eastern Ukraine and with murdering 298 passengers and crew.
The passenger flight was en route from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur when it was shot down over conflict-hit Ukraine.
A court case will begin in the Netherlands on 9 March 2020.
International arrest warrants have been issued for the four men.
What we know about flight MH17
The Dutch-led joint investigation team (JIT) named the men as Igor Girkin, Sergei Dubinsky and Oleg Pulatov from Russia, as well as Ukrainian Leonid Kharchenko.
The JIT, which is seeking to try the suspects under Dutch law, had previously said it had a "long list" of persons of interest and appealed again for witnesses as the investigation continues.
Who are the suspects?
The most prominent of the four is Igor Girkin (also known as Strelkov), who prosecutors say is a former colonel in Russia's FSB intelligence service. He was given the minister of defence title in the rebel-held eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk.
He is believed to be the highest military officer in the area who was in direct contact with the Russian Federation. In a statement Mr Girkin said: "I can only say that militia did not shoot down the Boeing."
The most prominent of the four is Igor Girkin (also known as Strelkov), who prosecutors say is a former colonel in Russia's FSB intelligence service. He was given the minister of defence title in the rebel-held eastern Ukrainian city of Donetsk.
He is believed to be the highest military officer in the area who was in direct contact with the Russian Federation. In a statement Mr Girkin said: "I can only say that militia did not shoot down the Boeing."
Image copyright - REUTERS Image caption - An investigator inspects the wreckage of Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17The others charged are:
- Sergei Dubinsky (known as Khmury), who prosecutors say was employed by Russia's GRU military intelligence agency, was a deputy of Mr Girkin and was in regular contact with Russia
- Oleg Pulatov, known as Giurza, who the JIT says was a former soldier of GRU special forces and deputy head of the intelligence service in Donetsk
- Ukrainian national Leonid Kharchenko, who has no military background but led a combat unit as a commander in Eastern Ukraine, according to prosecutors
"Although they did not push the button themselves, we suspect them of close co-operation to get the [missile launcher] where it was, with the aim to shoot down an airplane."
Investigators, he added, had "evidence showing that Russia provided the missile launcher".
Dead remembered amid tears and sunflowers
The investigative website Bellingcat has named 12 people it accuses of being involved in transporting the missile used to down MH17, including the four charged by the JIT.
What is known about flight MH17?
The passenger jet left Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport at 10:15 GMT on 17 July 2014 and was due to arrive at Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia the following day.
A few hours after take-off, the plane lost contact with air traffic control about 50km (30 miles) from the Russia-Ukraine border.
At the time, an armed conflict was raging on the ground in eastern Ukraine between Russian-backed separatists and Ukrainian government forces, and several government military aircraft had been downed in the previous weeks, while air strikes were carried out on rebel-held areas.
The plane crashed in the Donetsk area, in territory controlled by separatists. Parts of the wreckage were found distributed over an area of about 50 sq km (19 square miles).
In October 2015, the Dutch Safety Board concluded the plane had been hit by a Buk missile, causing it to break apart in mid-air.
The JIT - which includes officials from the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Malaysia and Ukraine - concluded in May 2018 that the missile system belonged to the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile brigade, based in the western Russian city of Kursk. It produced evidence that it said proved how the missile system had reached eastern Ukraine.
The investigative website Bellingcat has named 12 people it accuses of being involved in transporting the missile used to down MH17, including the four charged by the JIT.
What is known about flight MH17?
The passenger jet left Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport at 10:15 GMT on 17 July 2014 and was due to arrive at Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia the following day.
A few hours after take-off, the plane lost contact with air traffic control about 50km (30 miles) from the Russia-Ukraine border.
At the time, an armed conflict was raging on the ground in eastern Ukraine between Russian-backed separatists and Ukrainian government forces, and several government military aircraft had been downed in the previous weeks, while air strikes were carried out on rebel-held areas.
The plane crashed in the Donetsk area, in territory controlled by separatists. Parts of the wreckage were found distributed over an area of about 50 sq km (19 square miles).
In October 2015, the Dutch Safety Board concluded the plane had been hit by a Buk missile, causing it to break apart in mid-air.
The JIT - which includes officials from the Netherlands, Australia, Belgium, Malaysia and Ukraine - concluded in May 2018 that the missile system belonged to the 53rd Anti-Aircraft Missile brigade, based in the western Russian city of Kursk. It produced evidence that it said proved how the missile system had reached eastern Ukraine.
An animated video from the Dutch Safety Board shows the damage to the plane and how it was caused
Russia responded by denying any of its anti-aircraft missile systems had ever crossed the Ukrainian border. Its foreign ministry has accused the JIT investigation of being "biased and politically motivated".
Australia and the Netherlands have both officially held Russia responsible for the crash.
Image copyright - VARIOUS Image caption - Those killed were from across the world
The dead included 193 Dutch nationals, 43 Malaysians, 27 Australians, 12 Indonesians, 10 Britons, four Belgians, four Germans, three Philippine nationals, one New Zealander and one Canadian.
Who were the victims of the plane crash?
Image copyright - REUTERSImage caption - "It's a start" - Silene Fredriksz, mother of one of the victims
Speaking ahead of Wednesday's announcement, Silene Fredriksz, who lost her son Bryce, said that in the five years since the downing of MH17, some relatives had died not knowing the truth.
"We all get older... I hope that I will know the truth before I close my eyes," she said.
Barry Sweeney, father of 28-year-old British victim Liam, said he was still looking for the truth.
"It's not going to bring anyone back, but if I found out why it happened, it would bring a bit of closure," he said.
Russia responded by denying any of its anti-aircraft missile systems had ever crossed the Ukrainian border. Its foreign ministry has accused the JIT investigation of being "biased and politically motivated".
Australia and the Netherlands have both officially held Russia responsible for the crash.
Will the suspects ever face trial?
Under Article 61 of Russia's constitution, no Russian citizen can be extradited to another state.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told the BBC before the charges were announced that his country had been given "no chance to take part" in the official investigation.
However, unnamed Dutch officials told news agencies that Russia had refused to co-operate with their investigation.
A former rebel official in Donetsk, Andrei Purgin, said it was "absurd" to accuse the separatists of involvement in downing the plane, Russia's Interfax news agency reports.
Asked by AFP news agency, Ukrainian security services said they had "no information" on Leonid Kharchenko's whereabouts or whether he was even still alive.
Under Article 61 of Russia's constitution, no Russian citizen can be extradited to another state.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov told the BBC before the charges were announced that his country had been given "no chance to take part" in the official investigation.
However, unnamed Dutch officials told news agencies that Russia had refused to co-operate with their investigation.
A former rebel official in Donetsk, Andrei Purgin, said it was "absurd" to accuse the separatists of involvement in downing the plane, Russia's Interfax news agency reports.
Asked by AFP news agency, Ukrainian security services said they had "no information" on Leonid Kharchenko's whereabouts or whether he was even still alive.
What reaction has there been to the charges?
UK Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said Russia "must co-operate fully with the prosecution and provide any assistance it requests" in accordance with UN Security Council resolution 2166, which was passed in response to the downing of MH17.
"The international community stands together against the impunity of those responsible for the despicable murder of 298 innocent people," he added.
Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg said the bringing of charges marked an "important milestone in the efforts to uncover the full truth and ensure that justice is done".
UK Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt said Russia "must co-operate fully with the prosecution and provide any assistance it requests" in accordance with UN Security Council resolution 2166, which was passed in response to the downing of MH17.
"The international community stands together against the impunity of those responsible for the despicable murder of 298 innocent people," he added.
Nato chief Jens Stoltenberg said the bringing of charges marked an "important milestone in the efforts to uncover the full truth and ensure that justice is done".
Who were the victims?
A total of 283 passengers, including 80 children, and 15 crew members were killed on the flight.
A total of 283 passengers, including 80 children, and 15 crew members were killed on the flight.
Image copyright - VARIOUS Image caption - Those killed were from across the worldThe dead included 193 Dutch nationals, 43 Malaysians, 27 Australians, 12 Indonesians, 10 Britons, four Belgians, four Germans, three Philippine nationals, one New Zealander and one Canadian.
Who were the victims of the plane crash?
Image copyright - REUTERSImage caption - "It's a start" - Silene Fredriksz, mother of one of the victimsSpeaking ahead of Wednesday's announcement, Silene Fredriksz, who lost her son Bryce, said that in the five years since the downing of MH17, some relatives had died not knowing the truth.
"We all get older... I hope that I will know the truth before I close my eyes," she said.
Barry Sweeney, father of 28-year-old British victim Liam, said he was still looking for the truth.
"It's not going to bring anyone back, but if I found out why it happened, it would bring a bit of closure," he said.
Plane Truth (20/06/19)
Here's an excellent article about the shooting down of Flight MH17 and the refusal of Putin's Russia to accept responsibility for the loss of 298 innocent lives.
https://members.tortoisemedia.com/2019/04/02/mh17/content.html?sig=FI8646kP1SQ8q6_xnKiO0PeXEjhjApVJx68-HFwRJIg&utm_source=Twitter&utm_medium=Social&utm_campaign=2April2019&utm_content=MH17_Plane_truth
The downing of MH17
Plane truth
- It is nearly five years since a Russian missile destroyed Malaysia Airlines’ flight MH17 killing 298 people
- Those responsible are still getting away with murder. We need to know what Robert Mueller’s investigation into Russia and the US has found
- Is the international community powerless to hold a rogue superpower to account? It would have been, but for a few citizen journalists with a keen sense of indignation
Outside it’s bright and blustery. Inside, light falls through the window onto an almost life-size photograph of Elsemiek de Borst, looking over her shoulder at the camera, on a beach. She was 16 when the picture was taken; 17 when she said her last goodbye.
On 17 July, 2014, Elsemiek left for Amsterdam’s Schipol airport with her younger brother, mother and stepfather. They were booked on Malaysia Airlines’ flight MH17 to Kuala Lumpur and she was excited. She hadn’t been to Malaysia before.
The four of them took up half of row 40 near the back of the plane. Elsemiek had seat 40G. It wasn’t a window but she wouldn’t have seen it coming anyway. The missile that destroyed the plane would have closed on its target at roughly three times the speed of sound.
There had been time for lunch over Poland and coffee over western Ukraine. It happened as they approached the Donbass, the tortured patch of farming and mining territory that Moscow is trying to prise from Kiev’s control. Nearly three hours into the flight a warhead built in Russia to shoot down spy planes and fighter jets detonated a few metres from the cockpit. The pilot and co-pilot died at once. According to a team of Australian pathologists hired by the Dutch government most passengers will have lost consciousness almost immediately as well, because of the explosive decompression of a fuselage torn open a mile higher than the top of Everest. That thought brings some solace to Elsemiek’s father, Hans. Even so, in clinical terms his daughter may still have been alive up to the moment of impact in a field outside the village of Hrabove in eastern Ukraine, a little after 4.20 pm local time. She wanted to be an engineer. But for that missile, she would have qualified by now.
The evidence of Russia’s role in deploying the weapon that killed 298 people on MH17 is now overwhelming. Hans de Borst has spent much of the past five years trying to force Russia to acknowledge it, but after all this time his friends have started asking why he bothers. “And I say there was a mass murder and the people who did it just walk away,” he answers. “It cannot be.”
Silent protest opposite the Russian Embassy in The Hague
He has written, with furious sarcasm, to Vladimir Putin. (“Thank you very much, mister Putin… for murdering my loved and only child!”). He has helped to organise a silent protest in The Hague consisting of 298 empty chairs arranged in neat rows exactly as if in a Boeing 777, pointing across a pond towards the Russian embassy. On the same spot he has since placed a bench with a plaque and a message: “Waiting for responsibility and clarity.”
Last week the Dutch foreign minister said his government had started talks on MH17 with Russia and Australia. Good luck to them. The residue of an all-out Russian misinformation campaign has poisoned what little ground the three countries may find on which to start a dialogue. In the meantime the wait for clarity goes on, and a question lingers: why has the world been powerless to hold one country to account for such a crime?
Part of the answer lies in the narrow focus of Washington’s interest in Russia. Congress imposed sanctions on Vladimir Putin’s inner circle after the MH17 disaster, but Donald Trump has barely mentioned it. Putin’s fight to get those sanctions lifted is an essential part of the context of his meddling in America. What does the Mueller report have to say on this? We don’t know yet, which is why we need to.
In the meantime whole countries are in thrall to the Kremlin’s generalised disdain – for life, due process and facts. The old order, in which it was assumed rogue nations could be dragged into line by the community of nations, has broken down. Russia’s veto at the UN Security Council emasculates it. Russia’s rejection of every court claiming jurisdiction tests the idea of international justice to destruction. America looks powerless and everyone feels it.
Everyone? Not quite. If the search for accountability has failed, the search for truth has not. It may be scant consolation that we’ve come to depend on hackers and the limited power of shame, but the truth of what happened to Elsemiek de Borst’s last flight is being revealed, data point by data point, by volunteers with laptops. And they’re being guided not by salaried securocrats but by an unassuming “admin guy” from his front room in Leicester. Who knew the surprise winner of the 2016 Premier League would come to lead the fight against disinformation?
Afew rows ahead of Elsemiek, next to each other in a window and an aisle, sat Liam Sweeney and John Alder. Liam’s father reckons they would have had a couple of pints each by the time the plane was hit. They were friends, but above all they were Newcastle United fans, en route to New Zealand to follow a pre-season tour.
“It was because of me,” Barry Sweeney says of his son. “I was obsessive. He was more obsessive. If he wasn’t a football fan you’d probably never have heard of him.”
He has written, with furious sarcasm, to Vladimir Putin. (“Thank you very much, mister Putin… for murdering my loved and only child!”). He has helped to organise a silent protest in The Hague consisting of 298 empty chairs arranged in neat rows exactly as if in a Boeing 777, pointing across a pond towards the Russian embassy. On the same spot he has since placed a bench with a plaque and a message: “Waiting for responsibility and clarity.”
Last week the Dutch foreign minister said his government had started talks on MH17 with Russia and Australia. Good luck to them. The residue of an all-out Russian misinformation campaign has poisoned what little ground the three countries may find on which to start a dialogue. In the meantime the wait for clarity goes on, and a question lingers: why has the world been powerless to hold one country to account for such a crime?
Part of the answer lies in the narrow focus of Washington’s interest in Russia. Congress imposed sanctions on Vladimir Putin’s inner circle after the MH17 disaster, but Donald Trump has barely mentioned it. Putin’s fight to get those sanctions lifted is an essential part of the context of his meddling in America. What does the Mueller report have to say on this? We don’t know yet, which is why we need to.
In the meantime whole countries are in thrall to the Kremlin’s generalised disdain – for life, due process and facts. The old order, in which it was assumed rogue nations could be dragged into line by the community of nations, has broken down. Russia’s veto at the UN Security Council emasculates it. Russia’s rejection of every court claiming jurisdiction tests the idea of international justice to destruction. America looks powerless and everyone feels it.
Everyone? Not quite. If the search for accountability has failed, the search for truth has not. It may be scant consolation that we’ve come to depend on hackers and the limited power of shame, but the truth of what happened to Elsemiek de Borst’s last flight is being revealed, data point by data point, by volunteers with laptops. And they’re being guided not by salaried securocrats but by an unassuming “admin guy” from his front room in Leicester. Who knew the surprise winner of the 2016 Premier League would come to lead the fight against disinformation?
Afew rows ahead of Elsemiek, next to each other in a window and an aisle, sat Liam Sweeney and John Alder. Liam’s father reckons they would have had a couple of pints each by the time the plane was hit. They were friends, but above all they were Newcastle United fans, en route to New Zealand to follow a pre-season tour.
“It was because of me,” Barry Sweeney says of his son. “I was obsessive. He was more obsessive. If he wasn’t a football fan you’d probably never have heard of him.”
Barry Sweeney, father of Liam. Picture by Tom Pilston for Tortoise
All Barry has of Liam now by way of personal effects is a passport, returned reeking of ammonia from the crash site, and an earring. “Thirty-three thousand feet he fell. All he was wearing when he landed was two pairs of socks.” (One reporter who saw the crash site while the bodies were still there says they were all virtually naked. Everything except some women’s bras was torn off by what investigators called, with some understatement, the “strong airflow” of the descent.)
The older Sweeney is trim and garrulous. He is a regular at The Strawberry and The Companions, the great Newcastle United watering holes, but he keeps in shape by refereeing. Five years after losing Liam he’s still coming to terms with it; still talking gamely about his son to keep his memory alive; still waiting for an apology for his death.
Like de Borst, he’s tried the keyboard. “I Facebooked the Kremlin once,” he says. “I sent a message to Mr Putin. I wasn’t being nasty. I just asked him for a pint.” He got no reply, but if he ever does all he wants is for Putin to admit he knows what happened. “And I know he knows.”
In an age of lies, this is surely true.
All Barry has of Liam now by way of personal effects is a passport, returned reeking of ammonia from the crash site, and an earring. “Thirty-three thousand feet he fell. All he was wearing when he landed was two pairs of socks.” (One reporter who saw the crash site while the bodies were still there says they were all virtually naked. Everything except some women’s bras was torn off by what investigators called, with some understatement, the “strong airflow” of the descent.)
The older Sweeney is trim and garrulous. He is a regular at The Strawberry and The Companions, the great Newcastle United watering holes, but he keeps in shape by refereeing. Five years after losing Liam he’s still coming to terms with it; still talking gamely about his son to keep his memory alive; still waiting for an apology for his death.
Like de Borst, he’s tried the keyboard. “I Facebooked the Kremlin once,” he says. “I sent a message to Mr Putin. I wasn’t being nasty. I just asked him for a pint.” He got no reply, but if he ever does all he wants is for Putin to admit he knows what happened. “And I know he knows.”
In an age of lies, this is surely true.
Flowers left by mourners on a piece of the MH17 wreckage
The MH17 shootdown and its approaching fifth anniversary bracket a period of catastrophic loss of faith – faith in the motives, words and competence of leaders; faith in the veracity of anything purporting to be information. In these five years fighting disinformation has become a cottage industry, even though it is a failing one. Lies told in the West have divided whole countries against each other, but morally and for sheer gall they pale next to those told about MH17 by Russia.
Ben Nimmo, of the Atlantic Council, has called this “the first time that the full power of the state was trained on the task of convincing the world to accept a false narrative of events despite a preponderance of evidence to the contrary”. There is no doubt that every state TV channel, loyal newspaper, fearful website and obedient functionary has helped in the national task of lying about MH17. But rather than promote a single alternative narrative they have promoted dozens of contradictory ones, to great effect. This is an old Soviet strategy of stonewalling and confusion-mongering, and it’s achieving its main goal – to change the subject.
The media has moved on. The Dutch have resigned themselves to Russia’s refusal to cooperate, let alone extradite suspects. MH17 suspects will be tried in Amsterdam, starting perhaps this year, but in absentia. Europe as well as the US has imposed sanctions, but if their purpose was to sow dissent among the oligarchs they target, they have failed. And since taking office President Trump has evinced no concern, in public at least, that nearly 300 innocents were killed by a Russian missile over Russian-controlled Ukraine; nor that the one person who could provide closure for victims’ families and disclosure for Dutch prosecutors chooses to deny all knowledge.
“What plane?” Putin asked repeatedly in response to questions about MH17 at a press conference last May. There was a good reason to ask that day. The Joint Investigation Team (JIT), based in The Hague, had just published a report four years in the making that held Russian forces responsible for the shootdown.
The MH17 shootdown and its approaching fifth anniversary bracket a period of catastrophic loss of faith – faith in the motives, words and competence of leaders; faith in the veracity of anything purporting to be information. In these five years fighting disinformation has become a cottage industry, even though it is a failing one. Lies told in the West have divided whole countries against each other, but morally and for sheer gall they pale next to those told about MH17 by Russia.
Ben Nimmo, of the Atlantic Council, has called this “the first time that the full power of the state was trained on the task of convincing the world to accept a false narrative of events despite a preponderance of evidence to the contrary”. There is no doubt that every state TV channel, loyal newspaper, fearful website and obedient functionary has helped in the national task of lying about MH17. But rather than promote a single alternative narrative they have promoted dozens of contradictory ones, to great effect. This is an old Soviet strategy of stonewalling and confusion-mongering, and it’s achieving its main goal – to change the subject.
The media has moved on. The Dutch have resigned themselves to Russia’s refusal to cooperate, let alone extradite suspects. MH17 suspects will be tried in Amsterdam, starting perhaps this year, but in absentia. Europe as well as the US has imposed sanctions, but if their purpose was to sow dissent among the oligarchs they target, they have failed. And since taking office President Trump has evinced no concern, in public at least, that nearly 300 innocents were killed by a Russian missile over Russian-controlled Ukraine; nor that the one person who could provide closure for victims’ families and disclosure for Dutch prosecutors chooses to deny all knowledge.
“What plane?” Putin asked repeatedly in response to questions about MH17 at a press conference last May. There was a good reason to ask that day. The Joint Investigation Team (JIT), based in The Hague, had just published a report four years in the making that held Russian forces responsible for the shootdown.
The joint investigation team presents preliminary findings, 2016
Trump knew better than to probe. At a summit that coincided with the tragedy’s fourth anniversary he failed to mention it. After a five-hour meeting with Putin last October, it did not come up. As a presidential candidate, in 2015, he had five choice words for reporters on MH17 and the Russians: “They say it wasn’t them.”
Forget the 2016 election. For anyone seeking evidence of collusion between Trump and Russia it is there in plain view in the record. It remains to be seen how much attention if any was paid to MH17 and its after-effects by Robert Mueller, the special counsel. But Trump’s silence has not been ignored by the families.
De Borst is dismissive: “Trump is only interested in deals and what the Trump family can do, and not in human life. [MH17] doesn’t help the Trump family, so it’s a pity.”
Anthony Maslin, the Australian father of three young children killed with their grandfather on the plane, went further. Last July he let rip in a Facebook post shared round the world that ended with this peroration: “That this… destroyed our life and many other lives in the process is an irrefutable fact. That this happened 4 years ago today is an irrefutable fact. That the man whose arse you’ve just been kissing did this, and continues to lie about it, is an irrefutable fact.”
The trouble with this judgment, scalding as it is, is that Russia will continue to refute it because the extent of Putin’s direct personal knowledge of Buk missile deployments in eastern Ukraine in July 2014 isn’t known and may never be.
But a lot is known. Within two days of the shootdown US intelligence agencies had traced the missile’s trajectory back to a launch site in pro-Russian rebel-held eastern Ukraine. Intercepted phone calls and radio transmissions indicated that whoever fired the missile knew within minutes they had made a terrible mistake: the intended target was a Ukrainian military transport plane thought to be bringing paratroopers to the area.
Trump knew better than to probe. At a summit that coincided with the tragedy’s fourth anniversary he failed to mention it. After a five-hour meeting with Putin last October, it did not come up. As a presidential candidate, in 2015, he had five choice words for reporters on MH17 and the Russians: “They say it wasn’t them.”
Forget the 2016 election. For anyone seeking evidence of collusion between Trump and Russia it is there in plain view in the record. It remains to be seen how much attention if any was paid to MH17 and its after-effects by Robert Mueller, the special counsel. But Trump’s silence has not been ignored by the families.
De Borst is dismissive: “Trump is only interested in deals and what the Trump family can do, and not in human life. [MH17] doesn’t help the Trump family, so it’s a pity.”
Anthony Maslin, the Australian father of three young children killed with their grandfather on the plane, went further. Last July he let rip in a Facebook post shared round the world that ended with this peroration: “That this… destroyed our life and many other lives in the process is an irrefutable fact. That this happened 4 years ago today is an irrefutable fact. That the man whose arse you’ve just been kissing did this, and continues to lie about it, is an irrefutable fact.”
The trouble with this judgment, scalding as it is, is that Russia will continue to refute it because the extent of Putin’s direct personal knowledge of Buk missile deployments in eastern Ukraine in July 2014 isn’t known and may never be.
But a lot is known. Within two days of the shootdown US intelligence agencies had traced the missile’s trajectory back to a launch site in pro-Russian rebel-held eastern Ukraine. Intercepted phone calls and radio transmissions indicated that whoever fired the missile knew within minutes they had made a terrible mistake: the intended target was a Ukrainian military transport plane thought to be bringing paratroopers to the area.
A pro-Russian separatist blocks the way to the crash site
The question then was whether the missile was fired by rebels from whom Russia could distance itself, or by its own personnel, whose presence in eastern Ukraine had been an open secret since the invasion of Crimea five months earlier. The first Russian troops into Crimea became known as Little Green Men for the colour of their new uniforms, shorn of insignia. The name stuck for those who arrived from the motherland to prop up the rebel republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. Did they fire the Buk, or were separatists trained to do it for them?
The JIT has so far reserved judgment on this point, but it has confirmed findings by Eliot Higgins, of Bellingcat, the Leicester-based “citizen journalism” pioneer, on where the Buk battalion came from. It was part of the Russian army’s 53rd motorised air defence brigade, and it came from Kursk, 100 miles inside Russia.
The most compelling evidence is the simplest: dozens of hours of dash cam and smartphone footage of the Buk convoy, uploaded onto social media by Russian and Ukrainian motorists as the missiles were driven from Kursk into rebel-held Luhansk.
MH17 flight path
Aircraft’s last recorded position
How missiles moved from Russia
A full complement of missiles on one launcher crossed the international border on 25 June 2014. The same launcher re-entered Russia on18 July, the day after the shootdown, minus one missile. Metadata uploaded with the footage shows where and when it was taken. Serial numbers and other unique markings on both sides of the convoy vehicles mean they cannot be mistaken for similar equipment being used by Ukrainian forces, however much Moscow wishes they could be.
“This wasn’t a secret war,” Higgins says. “It was just being ignored [by the outside world] until 17 July.” Russian troops have since been ordered to stop using social media and the once-porous border between rebel-held Ukraine and the rest of the country has been closed. No JIT investigators have been allowed to the crash site since 2014 and no western journalists since 2017. But the crucial evidence was already on the web.
The question then was whether the missile was fired by rebels from whom Russia could distance itself, or by its own personnel, whose presence in eastern Ukraine had been an open secret since the invasion of Crimea five months earlier. The first Russian troops into Crimea became known as Little Green Men for the colour of their new uniforms, shorn of insignia. The name stuck for those who arrived from the motherland to prop up the rebel republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. Did they fire the Buk, or were separatists trained to do it for them?
The JIT has so far reserved judgment on this point, but it has confirmed findings by Eliot Higgins, of Bellingcat, the Leicester-based “citizen journalism” pioneer, on where the Buk battalion came from. It was part of the Russian army’s 53rd motorised air defence brigade, and it came from Kursk, 100 miles inside Russia.
The most compelling evidence is the simplest: dozens of hours of dash cam and smartphone footage of the Buk convoy, uploaded onto social media by Russian and Ukrainian motorists as the missiles were driven from Kursk into rebel-held Luhansk.
MH17 flight path
Aircraft’s last recorded position
How missiles moved from Russia
A full complement of missiles on one launcher crossed the international border on 25 June 2014. The same launcher re-entered Russia on18 July, the day after the shootdown, minus one missile. Metadata uploaded with the footage shows where and when it was taken. Serial numbers and other unique markings on both sides of the convoy vehicles mean they cannot be mistaken for similar equipment being used by Ukrainian forces, however much Moscow wishes they could be.
“This wasn’t a secret war,” Higgins says. “It was just being ignored [by the outside world] until 17 July.” Russian troops have since been ordered to stop using social media and the once-porous border between rebel-held Ukraine and the rest of the country has been closed. No JIT investigators have been allowed to the crash site since 2014 and no western journalists since 2017. But the crucial evidence was already on the web.
Eliot Higgins (centre) speaks to the media
The JIT has a list of “persons of interest” thought to be between 50 and 100 names long. Bellingcat has identified several of the most senior among them. They include General Nikolai Tkachev, codename Delfin (Dolphin), a veteran of both Chechen wars in the 1990s who is believed to have supervised the movements of the Buk launcher in June and July of 2014; and Oleg Ivannikov, a senior officer of the GRU, the Russian military intelligence agency. He is thought to have been working as a senior advisor to the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic at the time of the shootdown. Bellingcat reported last year that he “coordinated and supervised the military activities of Russian militants, pro-Russian separatists and “private army” contingents from the Wagner Group – a mercenary operation linked to Putin’s inner circle and based near the southern Russian city of Krasnodar. The Wagner Group is also known to have sent fighters to Syria and the Central African Republic.
Tkachev and Ivannikov – who has an unusually high voice – were identified with the help of digital analysis of communications intercepts by the US National Center for Media Forensics in Colorado. Geographically, Tkachev has been traced to a military academy in the Urals; Ivannikov to the GRU’s Moscow headquarters. Higgins says publication of a much more detailed map of the eastern Ukraine battlefield at the time of the shootdown, identifying more key players and their roles, is “imminent”.
The JIT has a list of “persons of interest” thought to be between 50 and 100 names long. Bellingcat has identified several of the most senior among them. They include General Nikolai Tkachev, codename Delfin (Dolphin), a veteran of both Chechen wars in the 1990s who is believed to have supervised the movements of the Buk launcher in June and July of 2014; and Oleg Ivannikov, a senior officer of the GRU, the Russian military intelligence agency. He is thought to have been working as a senior advisor to the so-called Luhansk People’s Republic at the time of the shootdown. Bellingcat reported last year that he “coordinated and supervised the military activities of Russian militants, pro-Russian separatists and “private army” contingents from the Wagner Group – a mercenary operation linked to Putin’s inner circle and based near the southern Russian city of Krasnodar. The Wagner Group is also known to have sent fighters to Syria and the Central African Republic.
Tkachev and Ivannikov – who has an unusually high voice – were identified with the help of digital analysis of communications intercepts by the US National Center for Media Forensics in Colorado. Geographically, Tkachev has been traced to a military academy in the Urals; Ivannikov to the GRU’s Moscow headquarters. Higgins says publication of a much more detailed map of the eastern Ukraine battlefield at the time of the shootdown, identifying more key players and their roles, is “imminent”.
Reconstructing the wreckage
A key question remains: is it conceivable that Russian troops would deliver a Buk convoy to rebel territory and simply hand it over to local forces to fire? Higgins considers that “incredibly unlikely”, not least because specialist training for Buk units takes months.
Is it possible that Russia will at some point bow to the weight of evidence of its involvement and admit it? That must be considered equally unlikely, at least as long as Putin is in power. There are lessons here from history. After a Soviet fighter shot down Korean Airlines’ flight 007 over Sakhalin Island in 1983, Russian non-cooperation became a fixed pillar of international relations despite the end of the Cold War. It was ten years before Boris Yeltsin’s government handed the plane’s black boxes to investigators in Paris. It took as long for Libya to surrender a suspect after the destruction of Pan Am 103 over Scotland in 1988.
Putin is under no pressure from Washington to step away from his alternative reality, and it is one that appears to satisfy the vast majority of his domestic audience: just 2 per cent of Russians believe their countrymen brought down MH17, according to one 2016 poll. The rest blamed rebels or Ukrainians.
A key question remains: is it conceivable that Russian troops would deliver a Buk convoy to rebel territory and simply hand it over to local forces to fire? Higgins considers that “incredibly unlikely”, not least because specialist training for Buk units takes months.
Is it possible that Russia will at some point bow to the weight of evidence of its involvement and admit it? That must be considered equally unlikely, at least as long as Putin is in power. There are lessons here from history. After a Soviet fighter shot down Korean Airlines’ flight 007 over Sakhalin Island in 1983, Russian non-cooperation became a fixed pillar of international relations despite the end of the Cold War. It was ten years before Boris Yeltsin’s government handed the plane’s black boxes to investigators in Paris. It took as long for Libya to surrender a suspect after the destruction of Pan Am 103 over Scotland in 1988.
Putin is under no pressure from Washington to step away from his alternative reality, and it is one that appears to satisfy the vast majority of his domestic audience: just 2 per cent of Russians believe their countrymen brought down MH17, according to one 2016 poll. The rest blamed rebels or Ukrainians.
Wreckage at the crash site near Hrabove
If that suggests a nation in thrall to its own propaganda, we should expect nothing else after 20 years of it. Much of the MH17 disinformation seems amateurish – Russian sources have offered dozens of easily disproved stories to undermine the JIT’s account, including one about a Ukrainian Sukhoi fighter that wasn’t in the air on 17 July, and another based on crudely doctored satellite images purporting to show that the Buk battery was in fact Ukrainian.
Russian intelligence even tried to frame a Kiev-based BBC reporter for the shootdown, uploading a faked conversation supposedly between him and the CIA. The fakers, omitting to check the reporter’s nationality, gave him a British accent. He was American.
Despite everything, most of Putin’s subjects refuse to buy the truth about MH17. In the end few people want to believe their country shot a packed civilian airliner out of the sky, mistakenly or not. And for anyone feeling a twinge of sympathy for those in Hans de Borst’s position there are net trolls to discredit him by adding insult to his injury. He has received messages via Twitter accusing him of inventing the death of his daughter.
De Borst enjoys skiing. There is another bench in Elsemiek’s memory high above the village where he used to ski with her in Austria. And he likes football; so much so that in 2015 he made plans to take the overnight ferry from Rotterdam to Newcastle to see a fixture at St James’ Park.
He didn’t know Barry Sweeney at the time, but was in touch with a local BBC correspondent who knew Sweeney’s story and urged de Borst to contact him. He did, and the two have become friends. “I always say to him we would rather never have met,” de Borst says. “But since we’re in the same position we might as well have a beer together.”
He makes the trip at least once a year now, but that first visit was special. A tradition had sprung up among Newcastle’s fans to applaud for the 17th minute of every home game in Liam’s memory. It felt, as the two fathers sat there side by side, a taxi driver turned football ref and a former retail banker from The Hague, that the applause was for Elsemiek too. The 17th minute tradition has since faded, but not before a series of tributes to Liam from the greater football nation of Tyne and Wear (which is to say Sunderland as well as its arch-rival up the coast) that have made him one of the most celebrated fans in either club’s history.
Barry remembers Liam’s funeral as fit for a king. Traffic police cleared a route through Newcastle city centre for the cortege. A local undertaker had donated a gravestone in polished black and pale granite, and Liam’s friends adorned it with club shirts, flowers and bottled ale. “I’m not saying he was better than anybody else but he was a good lad. That was his dream. That was his life. Makes us proud to be his dad.”
Sweeney isn’t bitter. He’s determined that MH17 won’t crush or define him, but he’s impatient for a little action. When I ask, over a drink at The Strawberry, if he’d like to see international arrest warrants issued for named suspects (a favourite device of Russian authorities), he replies: “Why not? If it’d work one way, why wouldn’t it work the other.” He takes a sip of his cider. “Send in the SAS.”
The Russian embassy in The Hague would rather forget all about MH17. It has volunteered no response to de Borst’s bench, or his empty chairs, even though 196 of the victims were Dutch. In the meantime the Russian government has used its Security Council veto to prevent any investigation of its actions by the UN.
Calls to the embassy were redirected to a wrong number, so we paid it a visit. The ambassador was at lunch, so we left and returned to be told he was still at lunch. By chance, a press attache was returning on foot from an errand and consented to a conversation on the pavement. Her name was Angelica Kriger, and when De Borst told her who he was she was briefly lost for words. Then she said she was sorry for his loss, and seemed to mean it.
“I can sleep now but I still have my sad moments,” de Borst told her. “I have nothing against the Russian people, but this did happen, and it was mass murder.”
Kriger said she would pass some questions to the ambassador. As we walked away de Borst seemed pleased. “It’s good,” he said. “We get 100 per cent more contact than up to now.” The questions have been submitted. As to the answers, nothing yet.
If that suggests a nation in thrall to its own propaganda, we should expect nothing else after 20 years of it. Much of the MH17 disinformation seems amateurish – Russian sources have offered dozens of easily disproved stories to undermine the JIT’s account, including one about a Ukrainian Sukhoi fighter that wasn’t in the air on 17 July, and another based on crudely doctored satellite images purporting to show that the Buk battery was in fact Ukrainian.
Russian intelligence even tried to frame a Kiev-based BBC reporter for the shootdown, uploading a faked conversation supposedly between him and the CIA. The fakers, omitting to check the reporter’s nationality, gave him a British accent. He was American.
Despite everything, most of Putin’s subjects refuse to buy the truth about MH17. In the end few people want to believe their country shot a packed civilian airliner out of the sky, mistakenly or not. And for anyone feeling a twinge of sympathy for those in Hans de Borst’s position there are net trolls to discredit him by adding insult to his injury. He has received messages via Twitter accusing him of inventing the death of his daughter.
De Borst enjoys skiing. There is another bench in Elsemiek’s memory high above the village where he used to ski with her in Austria. And he likes football; so much so that in 2015 he made plans to take the overnight ferry from Rotterdam to Newcastle to see a fixture at St James’ Park.
He didn’t know Barry Sweeney at the time, but was in touch with a local BBC correspondent who knew Sweeney’s story and urged de Borst to contact him. He did, and the two have become friends. “I always say to him we would rather never have met,” de Borst says. “But since we’re in the same position we might as well have a beer together.”
He makes the trip at least once a year now, but that first visit was special. A tradition had sprung up among Newcastle’s fans to applaud for the 17th minute of every home game in Liam’s memory. It felt, as the two fathers sat there side by side, a taxi driver turned football ref and a former retail banker from The Hague, that the applause was for Elsemiek too. The 17th minute tradition has since faded, but not before a series of tributes to Liam from the greater football nation of Tyne and Wear (which is to say Sunderland as well as its arch-rival up the coast) that have made him one of the most celebrated fans in either club’s history.
Barry remembers Liam’s funeral as fit for a king. Traffic police cleared a route through Newcastle city centre for the cortege. A local undertaker had donated a gravestone in polished black and pale granite, and Liam’s friends adorned it with club shirts, flowers and bottled ale. “I’m not saying he was better than anybody else but he was a good lad. That was his dream. That was his life. Makes us proud to be his dad.”
Sweeney isn’t bitter. He’s determined that MH17 won’t crush or define him, but he’s impatient for a little action. When I ask, over a drink at The Strawberry, if he’d like to see international arrest warrants issued for named suspects (a favourite device of Russian authorities), he replies: “Why not? If it’d work one way, why wouldn’t it work the other.” He takes a sip of his cider. “Send in the SAS.”
The Russian embassy in The Hague would rather forget all about MH17. It has volunteered no response to de Borst’s bench, or his empty chairs, even though 196 of the victims were Dutch. In the meantime the Russian government has used its Security Council veto to prevent any investigation of its actions by the UN.
Calls to the embassy were redirected to a wrong number, so we paid it a visit. The ambassador was at lunch, so we left and returned to be told he was still at lunch. By chance, a press attache was returning on foot from an errand and consented to a conversation on the pavement. Her name was Angelica Kriger, and when De Borst told her who he was she was briefly lost for words. Then she said she was sorry for his loss, and seemed to mean it.
“I can sleep now but I still have my sad moments,” de Borst told her. “I have nothing against the Russian people, but this did happen, and it was mass murder.”
Kriger said she would pass some questions to the ambassador. As we walked away de Borst seemed pleased. “It’s good,” he said. “We get 100 per cent more contact than up to now.” The questions have been submitted. As to the answers, nothing yet.
